Description

Ketosteril is a medication used to treat chronic kidney disease by improving protein metabolism and preventing the increase in urea levels in the blood. It contains alpha-keto analogues of essential amino acids.

Product Information

• Product Name: Ketosteril
• Formulation: Tablets
• Strength: 100’ct

Usage and Dosage

• Indication: Treatment of chronic kidney disease
• Usage: Taken orally as directed by a doctor
• Dosage: As prescribed by a healthcare professional

Price and Availability

• Price Range: 4,500 to 5,000 Pakistani Rupees per pack
• Availability: Available from various online pharmacies in Pakistan

Side Effects and Precautions

• Side Effects: Typical of amino acid supplements
• Precautions: Use under a doctor’s supervision, especially for those with allergies or taking other medications

Storage and Handling

• Storage: Store at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct sunlight
• Handling: Keep out of reach of children and pets, and do not use past the expiration date

Additional Information

• Composition: Contains alpha-keto analogues of essential amino acids
• Purpose: Improves protein metabolism and prevents the increase in urea levels in the blood

Key Benefits

• Helps reduce urea levels in the blood
• Slows down the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD)
• Delays the need for long-term dialysis
• Prevents protein breakdown and malnutrition

Key Ingredients

• Contains a combination of essential amino acids including isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, valine, methionine, lysine, threonine, tryptophan, histidine, and tyrosine
• Also contains nitrogen and calcium

 key ways Ketosteril 100’ct tablets improve protein metabolism are:

1. Prevents Increase in Urea Levels: Ketosteril contains a combination of essential amino acids that work by improving protein metabolism in the body. It prevents the increase in urea levels in the blood that can occur due to non-essential amino acids. 
2. Delays Need for Dialysis: By improving protein metabolism and preventing the buildup of urea, Ketosteril can help delay the need for long-term dialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease. 
3. Prevents Protein Breakdown: Ketosteril helps prevent the breakdown of proteins and malnutrition that can occur in chronic kidney disease patients. It allows for the intake of essential amino acids while minimizing the formation of urea. 
4. Follows Amino Acid Pathways: The ingredients in Ketosteril follow the same catabolic pathways as amino acids, allowing it to effectively improve the metabolism of protein within the body.              Interactions with Other Medicines
   • Ketosteril can interact with certain medications, so it’s important to inform your doctor about all the medicines, supplements, or herbals you are currently taking.
   • Specific medications that may interact with Ketosteril include:
     • Iron supplements – Ketosteril can interfere with the absorption of iron supplements 
     • Tetracyclines, quinolones (antibiotics) – There should be at least a 2-hour gap between taking Ketosteril and these medications 
     • Cardiac glycosides like digoxin (heart failure medications) – Caution is advised when taking Ketosteril with these 
     • Medicines containing calcium – May increase calcium levels when taken together 

   Recommendations

   • Inform your doctor about all medications you are taking before starting Ketosteril.
   • There should be at least a 2-hour gap between taking Ketosteril and certain other medications like antibiotics.
   • Caution is advised when taking Ketosteril with cardiac glycosides or calcium-containing medicines.
   • Always follow your doctor’s instructions carefully regarding the use of Ketosteril with other drugs.

   Chemical Structure of KetosterilKetosteril has the molecular formula C31H46O15S and a molecular weight of 690.75 g/mol. The key structural features of Ketosteril include:

   • It contains a combination of essential amino acids including isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, valine, methionine, lysine, threonine, tryptophan, histidine, and tyrosine. 
   • It also contains a sulfur-containing group (sulfanylbutanoic acid) and a keto group (oxobutanoic acid, oxopentanoic acid). 
   • The overall structure allows Ketosteril to follow the same catabolic pathways as amino acids, enabling it to effectively improve protein metabolism. 
   

   Mechanism of Action

   1. Minimizes Amino-Nitrogen Intake: Ketosteril allows the intake of essential amino acids while minimizing the overall amino-nitrogen intake.
   2. Transamination of Keto/Hydroxy Analogues: After absorption, the keto- and hydroxy-analogues in Ketosteril are transaminated to the corresponding essential amino acids. This process takes nitrogen from non-essential amino acids, thereby decreasing the formation of urea.
   3. Reduces Urea Formation: By re-using the amino group through transamination, Ketosteril decreases the accumulation of uremic toxins like urea in the body.
   4. Prevents Hyperfiltration: The keto and hydroxy acids in Ketosteril do not induce hyperfiltration of the remaining functional nephrons in chronic kidney disease.
   5. Improves Mineral Metabolism: Ketosteril-containing supplements can have a positive effect on renal hyperphosphatemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism, potentially improving renal osteodystrophy.
   6. Allows Low-Protein Diet: The use of Ketosteril in combination with a very low protein diet allows for reduced nitrogen intake while preventing the consequences of inadequate protein intake and malnutrition.

   

   Ketosteril 100’ct tablets reduce the formation of urea through the following mechanism:

   1. Minimizes Amino-Nitrogen Intake: Ketosteril allows the intake of essential amino acids while minimizing the overall amino-nitrogen intake.
   2. Transamination of Keto/Hydroxy Analogues: After absorption, the keto- and hydroxy-analogues in Ketosteril are transaminated to the corresponding essential amino acids. This process takes nitrogen from non-essential amino acids, thereby decreasing the formation of urea.
   3. Reuses Amino Group: By re-using the amino group through transamination, Ketosteril decreases the accumulation of uremic toxins like urea in the body.
   4. Prevents Hyperfiltration: The keto and hydroxy acids in Ketosteril do not induce hyperfiltration of the remaining functional nephrons in chronic kidney disease, further reducing urea formation.

   Precautions and Warnings

   1. Hypotension: Ketosteril may cause hypotension (low blood pressure), so patients should get up slowly from lying or sitting positions to avoid feeling dizzy.
   2. Allergy: Do not use Ketosteril if you are allergic to the drug.
   3. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Limited information exists on the effect of Ketosteril on pregnancy and breastfeeding. It should only be used during these periods if recommended by a doctor.
   4. Hereditary Phenylketonuria: Patients with hereditary phenylketonuria should be cautious as Ketosteril contains phenylalanine.
   5. Aluminium Hydroxide: Concomitant administration of aluminium hydroxide may cause or aggravate elevated serum calcium levels. The dose of aluminium hydroxide may need to be reduced if necessary.
   6. Calcium-Containing Drugs: Avoid taking calcium-containing drugs at the same time as Ketosteril to prevent disturbed absorption of the active substances. An interval of at least two hours should elapse between the ingestion of Ketosteril and these drugs.
   7. Cardioactive Glycosides: The susceptibility to cardioactive glycosides and the risk for arrhythmia may increase if Ketosteril produces elevated serum calcium levels.
   8. Monitoring: Serum calcium and phosphate levels should be monitored regularly. Ensure sufficient calorie intake and monitor uremic symptoms.
   9. Storage: Store Ketosteril tablets in a cool and dry place below 25°C, protected from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep it out of reach of children and pets.
   10. Overdose: If you think you have taken too many Ketosteril tablets, contact your doctor immediately or visit the nearest hospital.

   Additional Precautions

   • Driving: Ketosteril has no effect on driving ability, but if you experience any effects that may affect your ability to drive safely, it is advised to avoid driving.
   • Alcohol: There is limited information on the interaction of Ketosteril with alcohol. Consult your doctor for advice on the use of alcohol with this medicine.

   Dosage

   • Dosage Adjustment: The dosage of Ketosteril is prescribed based on the patient’s weight at the rate of 1 tablet per 5 kg per day. The daily dose is divided into 3-4 doses.
   • Missed Dose: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as possible the same day. If it’s time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dose schedule. Do not take a double dose to compensate for the missed one.

   Storage

   • Storage Conditions: Store Ketosteril tablets in a cool and dry place below 25°C, protected from direct sunlight and moisture.
   • Handling: Keep the medicine out of the reach of children and pets. Do not use the medication past its expiration date.

   Reviews

   • Product Information: Ketosteril is used to prevent and manage chronic kidney disease. It contains a combination of essential amino acids and improves protein metabolism.
   • Side Effects: Common side effects include those typical of amino acid supplements. Seek medical help if you think you have taken too much of this medication.
   • Interactions: Inform your doctor about all the medicines, supplements, or herbals you are currently taking to avoid any possible interactions. Certain medications like tetracyclines, quinolones, and calcium-containing drugs should be taken at least 2 hours apart from Ketosteril.

   Ketosteril 100’ct tablets are primarily indicated for the treatment of chronic kidney disease in adults. There is limited information on the use of Ketosteril in children with CKD.Some key points:

   • The dosage of Ketosteril is prescribed based on the patient’s weight at the rate of 1 tablet per 5 kg per day, divided into 3-4 doses.
   • Ketosteril allows the intake of essential amino acids while minimizing the overall amino-nitrogen intake in CKD patients.
   • It is typically used in combination with a very low protein diet to reduce nitrogen intake while preventing malnutrition in adults with CKD.